地形β效应作用下双层旋转流体中倾斜底床上反气旋涡旋透镜的形成
DOI
10.29006/1564-2291.JOR-2026.54(2).1
关键词
密度跃层内部涡旋透镜, 实验室模拟, 双层结旋转流体, 倾斜底床, 地形β效应
摘要
海洋中显著的流体物理现象之一是层结内部的涡旋透镜,又称温跃层内部涡旋。它们形成于边缘海中间 密度水流出进入世界大洋的区域,并具有反气旋式涡度。此类涡旋常被发现于海底峡谷附近,中间密度水 沿陆坡底部流动,通过峡谷侵入到海洋水体中密度相同的深度层。本文通过在旋转平台上的圆柱形水槽 中进行实验室实验,研究了均匀水体与双层结水体环境中涡旋透镜的形成过程。水槽内放置了一个与之紧 密贴合的顶点向上的圆锥体,形成一个轴对称的倾斜底床。涡旋流动通过位于圆锥上方、距离水槽半径一 半处的局部垂向恒定流量水源产生。在密度均匀的水体环境中,水源注入的水密度与水槽内水体密度相 同;在双层水体环境中,中间密度水直接注入到两层界面区域。几乎所有实验中都实现了反气旋涡旋透镜 的自激振荡形成机制,这些涡旋在地形β效应作用下沿反气旋方向漂移。研究考察了在特定无量纲参数 变化范围内涡旋流动的多种模态。发现水源水密度值对自激振荡涡旋透镜形成机制有显著影响。当水源 水密度接近下伏于倾斜底床的下层水密度时,该机制的作用效果与在均匀环境水体中同样清晰。而当水源 水密度接近上层水密度时,在其他条件相同的情况下,地形β效应的作用减弱。由此可以推断,在世界大 洋中,当中层密度水从底部斜坡脱离发生在海洋密度跃层的下部而非上部区域时,通过自激振荡机制形 成温跃层内部涡旋透镜的效率最高。
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已出版
2026-06-30
栏目
海洋物理学与气候
Transfer of copyrights occurs on the basis of a license agreement between the Author and Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS
