基于波浪水槽实验的波浪非线性特性作用下的沙质海底形态动力学研究
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.JOR-2025.53(4).2关键词:
波浪变形, 海岸带, 沙坝, 物理实验, 波浪非线性特性, 沉积物波浪输运, 贝拉德公式, 平衡剖面摘要
考虑海岸带波浪非线性特性的表现,如高次谐波的增长及二次与一次谐波间的相位差。这些过程会导致 波浪对称性和近底流速的改变,进而影响沉积物的波浪输运。与上述过程相关的沙质海底形态动力学会 影响波浪的变形,从而在波浪与沙质沉积物相互作用系统中形成反馈回路。 分析波浪水槽的实验结果,实验中观察到在平坦沙底上形成了三道水下沙坝。采用平坦底床可独立研究 非线性过程,避免波浪破碎和回流的影响,此为海岸实验研究的新方法。实验期间,沙坝的形成由沿水槽 方向的波高波动所决定,这与消波器的反射有关。记录并分析了由波浪非线性特性所决定的参数——即 二次谐波相对于一次谐波的幅值比 (a2r) 以及二者之间的相位差(Δφ)——沿水槽空间及随时间的变化。 研究揭示,沙坝的形成除了与波高差有关外,还与其波峰前较高的a 2r值相关,该值随后随地形演化而减 小。越过沙坝波峰后,随着时间的推移,波浪谐波之间的相位差会增大。根据贝拉德公式,这些过程导致 沙坝形成过程中的泥沙输运率逐渐降低,即剖面趋向于准平衡状态。
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2025-12-21
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海洋物理学与气候
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