International programs of global oceanographic observations and Russia's participation in them
Abstract
The international programs have been considered within which global oceanographic in-situ measurements are systematically carried out: the Global Drifter Program of tracking of currents in the upper ocean mixed layer as well as measurements of water temperature and atmospheric pressure at the ocean surface along the trajectories of buoys (drifters) which are freely drift with surface ocean currents; the ARGO program of global measurements of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity as well as currents at the given depth of drift by means of network of the diving buoys; the GO-SHIP program of repeated hydrographic measurements along the system of oceanographic sections which is carried out by means of drop probes from the research vessels; the VOS program of ship-based voluntary observations for hydrometeorological parameters and the state of the ocean surface and the overlying atmosphere; the OceanSITES program of long-term observations of various oceanographic parameters at the surface of the ocean and its depths on a global network of moorings and the GLOSS program of monitoring of the global ocean level on the network of coastal stations. The participation of Russian organizations of an oceanographic profile in the listed programs of observations has been described - the observations which form the surface-oceanic subsystem of the Global Ocean Observing System.
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