FORMATION OF BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY OF THE WHITE SEA IN THE LATE QUATERNARY
Abstract
Bottom relief of the ancient epicontinental White Sea generated mostly by tectonics was significantly transformed during the Late Quaternary by exogenous processes primarily of glacial genesis. Recent neotectonic movements also significantly affected him as well.
Glacial-exaration and glacial-accumulative landforms formed during glaciations such as ridges and hills of the lateral and final moraines are widespread over the White Sea bottom.
Its surface is dissected by numerous scours and furrows of different genesis, which inherit often the existing tectonic faults. In the Northern White Sea, the tidal currents play significant role in formation of modern bottom topography generating sand waves and ridges and other tidal or «torrentogenic» accumulative and erosion landforms in the «Gorlo» and «Voronka».
The fluvial forms of the bottom relief are associated with underwater extensions of channels of the Northern Dvina and other rivers. The fluvial landforms are associated with continuing submarine riverbed of the Severnaja Dvina and others.High-resolution survey carried out by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in the White Sea with acoustical narrow-beam parametric sonar-subbottom profilers «Parasound» and «SES-2000 standard» supplemented and clarified significantly the ideas about formation its relief during the Late Quaternary.
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