СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ СРЕДСТВА И МЕТОДЫ МОНИТОРИНГА ПЛАВАЮЩЕГО МОРСКОГО МАКРОМУСОРА И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

  • О. Белоусова Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН; Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)
  • М. А. Криницкий Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН; Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)
  • М. П. Погожева Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН; Государственный океанографический институт им. Н. Н. Зубова, Росгидромет
DOI: 10.29006/1564-2291.JOR-2024.52(4).12
Ключевые слова: морской мусор, мониторинг состояния морской среды, искусственный интеллект, обнаружение объектов, дистанционное зондирование, машинное обучение, искусственные нейронные сети

Аннотация

Загрязнение мусором морских акваторий на сегодняшний день признано проблемой мирового масштаба на уровне всех международных организаций и конвенций, отвечающих за сохранность океанов и морей. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются современные методы и средства обнаружения морского макромусора, плавающего на поверхности моря. Задача обнаружения морского мусора на поверхности воды осложняется большим разнообразием объектов, разной степенью их деградации, часто их малыми размерами, частичным погружением в подповерхностный слой, бесцветностью, слиянием с водной поверхностью, затрудненными условиями наблюдений. Основные подходы сбора данных о морском плавающем мусоре на сегодня включают визуальные наблюдения (с морских судов, самолетов), траления, а также дистанционное зондирование, особенно с использованием радиолокационных систем. В задаче обработки собранных данных в последнее десятилетие значительно продвинулись вперед методы глубокого обучения, что позволило вывести распознавание и идентификацию мусора на новый уровень благодаря различным модификациям искусственных нейронных сетей. В обзоре мы анализируем ключевые исследования по представленной теме и подчеркиваем достижения и перспективы применения искусственного интеллекта для улучшения методов обнаружения и классификации морского мусора размером от 2.5 см.

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Опубликован
2024-12-29
Выпуск
Том 52 № 4 (2024): Океанологические исследования
Раздел
Экология морей и океанов

Передача авторских прав происходит на основании лицензионного договора между Автором и Федеральным государственным бюджетным учреждением науки Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова Российской академии наук (ИО РАН)

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