МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ МИКРОПЛАСТИКОМ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОД: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
Аннотация
Оценка загрязнения частицами микропластика природных вод включает несколько методологических этапов – отбор проб, экстракцию частиц, химическую идентификацию и количественную оценку. На данный момент разные исследовательские группы используют разные методы, исходя из возможностей, доступного оборудования и задач исследования, что приводит к ошибочным оценкам и невозможности сравнения данных. В статье обсуждаются современные подходы для корректного определения содержания микропластика в природных водах в контексте гармонизации методов исследования загрязнения микропластиком и последующей стандартизации методов мониторинга. Отдельно рассматриваются вопросы обеспечения качества и контроля качества исследований (ОК/КК), представлены конкретные меры ОК/КК для процедур пробоотбора и пробообработки, с учетом малого размера частиц микропластика и высокого риска внешнего загрязнения. В статье подробно описываются требования к представлению данных в научных статьях и отчетах, тем самым формируя основу для возможности сравнения результатов разных научных групп и создания глобальной базы данных. В статье также представлены методические рекомендации по отбору проб и анализу образцов для оценки уровня загрязнения микропластиком поверхностных вод.
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