白海索洛韦茨基湾水域打桩水下施工噪声对海洋哺乳动物影响的评估: 噪声传播数值模拟与直接测量

作者

  • A. A. Lunkov Shirshov Institute of oceanology, Russian Academy of Science; Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • R. A. Belikov Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • A. V. Shatravin Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • A. D. Chernetsky Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • E. A. Belikova Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • O. Yu. Kochetov Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • O. B. Ovchinnikov Shirshov Institute of oceanology, Russian Academy of Science; Andreev Institute of Acoustics

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.JOR-2026.54(2).7

关键词:

数值模拟, 噪声传播, 人为影响, 施工噪声, 液压锤打桩, 振动打桩, 白鲸, 环斑海豹, 髯海豹, 白 海

摘要

鉴于索洛韦茨基镇技术客运码头建设项目的启动,对打桩水下噪声对海洋哺乳动物的潜在影响程度进行 了评估。初步建立了索洛韦茨基湾水域的地声模型,考虑了海底地形起伏,但假设海底性质均匀。采用广 角抛物方程法对振动打桩机打设金属桩产生的水下噪声传播进行了数值模拟,并对液压锤的噪声水平进 行了补充估算。根据考虑海底地形起伏的模拟结果,使用液压锤时,超过160 dB re 1 μPa危险阈值的噪声 将传播至航道沿线约1 km的距离,而振动打桩时则为桩位约30 m以内。超过120 dB re 1 μPa阈值的噪声 (可能引起动物行为改变)在振动打桩时可传播至略大于1 km,在液压锤打桩时可传播至约16 km。适合 噪声传播的条件仅出现在航道沿线;其他方向上由于浅滩和岛屿的存在,传播受到极大限制。由于浅水 区域复杂水深条件下声传播损失较大,打桩施工对海洋哺乳动物的潜在噪声影响被评定为轻微。 2025年 夏季索洛韦茨基湾振动打桩施工对白鲸的影响可能不存在。若使用液压锤,对髯海豹和环斑海豹的影响 将是显著的;但考虑到研究区域海豹数量稀少及其对人为噪声的可能耐受性,振动打桩施工的影响被评 定为轻微。研究结果表明,为正确评估人为噪声对海洋哺乳动物的潜在影响,需充分考虑局部噪声传播 条件及不同物种的生物学和生态学特征。

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已出版

2026-06-30

期次

栏目

海洋与海洋生态学

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